Readings on Luddism

Bio-Conservatives

Leon Kass
Chair, US President's Council on Bioethics

	2002. Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity : The Challenge for Bioethics.
	1999. "Triumph or Tragedy: The Moral Meaning of Genetic Technology". (PDF)
	*with James Q. Wilson, 1998. The Ethics of Human Cloning.*
	*1988. Toward a More Natural Science: Biology and Human Affairs.*

Francis Fukuyama
Also on the US President's Bioethics Council

	2002. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution.
	2001. "How to Regulate Science"

Jeremy Rifkin
Leader of the Bio-Luddite movement

	Foundation on Economic Trends. Rifkin's thinktank.
	1999. The Biotech Century : Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World.

Other Bio-Luddites

Center for Genetics and Society A new group headed by Marcy Darnovsky and Richard Hayes. Their mission is to stop human genetic enhancement, germline therapies and "species-altering" technologies.

	Marcy Darnovsky. Gene Engineers Promote Eugenics & Designer Babies The New Eugenics: The Case Against Genetically Modified Humans.
	Marcy Danovsky, 2000. "The New Eugenics: The Case Against Genetically Modified Humans."

The Turning Point Project. A coalition of dozens of non-profit organizations opposed to computing, television, genetic engineering, nanotechnology and so forth; a new stage of Luddite networking and propaganda.

Council for Responsible Genetics. Second to Jeremy Rifkin, the principal U.S. lobby opposing genetic technology.

Andrew Kimbrell, 1998. The Human Body Shop: The Cloning, Engineering, and Marketing of Life. An anti-genetics polemic by the policy director of Rifkin's Foundation on Economic Trends

Ruth Hubbard and Elijah Wald, 1999. Exploding the Gene Myth: How Genetic Information Is Produced and Manipulated by Scientists, Physicians, Employers, Insurance Companies, Educators. A polemic arguing that all this attention genetics distracts from social reform.

Bill Joy, 2000. "Why the future doesn't need us." A polemic against genetic engineering, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology.

Mark Dery, 1997. Escape Velocity: Cyberculture at the End of the Century. A critical review of posthumanist trends that reflect "body loathing" in art and culture.

Critical Arts Ensemble Staff, 1998. Flesh Machine; Cyborgs,Designer Babies, Eugenic Conscousness.

Anti AI Polemics

Roger Penrose, 1991. The Emperor's New Mind : Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics. Argues that human consciousness cannot be replicated in AI.